{"id":239508,"date":"2021-08-10T12:46:45","date_gmt":"2021-08-10T19:46:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/?p=239508"},"modified":"2021-08-10T12:46:46","modified_gmt":"2021-08-10T19:46:46","slug":"importance-of-etc-hosts-on-db2-systems","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/importance-of-etc-hosts-on-db2-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"The Importance of \/etc\/hosts on Db2 Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Recently, I was working on a system and noticed some odd behavior \u2013 running a simple db2pd command was taking what felt like a “long” time. I used the time utility to validate my impression:<\/p>\n\n\n

db2inst1@db2server $ time db2pd -\n \nDatabase Member 0 -- Active -- Up 0 days 21:53:44 -- Date 2021-07-22-11.29.15.283543\n \n\nreal    0m5.560s\nuser    0m0.132s\nsys     0m0.081s\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
A very simple db2pd command should not<\/em> take 5.6 seconds to complete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Identifying the problem<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
I considered using the Db2 trace facility to help identify the issue, but on a busy system this could produce a huge amount of output. Instead, since db2pd is a standalone utility, I chose to use the linux strace tool, which displays every system call that an application makes. There are a number of options for displaying the time that each call takes, but I just used the -t option which displays the current time when each call occurs.<\/p>\n\n\n
db2inst1@db2server $ strace -t db2pd -\n10:54:59 execve(\"\/home\/db2inst1\/sqllib\/adm\/db2pd\", [\"db2pd\", \"-\"], 0x7ffe8779fe00 \/* 24 vars *\/) = 0\n10:54:59 access(\"\/etc\/suid-debug\", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)\n10:54:59 brk(NULL)                      = 0x339d000\n10:54:59 fcntl(0, F_GETFD)              = 0\n10:54:59 fcntl(1, F_GETFD)              = 0\n10:54:59 fcntl(2, F_GETFD)              = 0\n10:54:59 access(\"\/etc\/suid-debug\", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)\n10:54:59 access(\"\/etc\/ld.so.nohwcap\", F_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)\n10:54:59 mmap(NULL, 8192, PROT_READ|PROT_WRITE, MAP_PRIVATE|MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0) = 0x7f6284375000\n10:54:59 access(\"\/etc\/ld.so.preload\", R_OK) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)\n10:54:59 openat(AT_FDCWD, \"\/DoNotCreateThisPath_marker1.*chglibpath\/tls\/haswell\/x86_64\/libdb2osse.so.1\", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)\n10:54:59 stat(\"\/DoNotCreateThisPath_marker1.*chglibpath\/tls\/haswell\/x86_64\", 0x7ffcce353200) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)\n10:54:59 openat(AT_FDCWD, \"\/DoNotCreateThisPath_marker1.*chglibpath\/tls\/haswell\/libdb2osse.so.1\", O_RDONLY|O_CLOEXEC) = -1 ENOENT (No such file or directory)\n\n[...]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
The strace command generates a lot of output when running this simple db2pd command \u2013 over 1750 lines \u2013 so it’s easiest to redirect the output to a file. It writes the system call information to STDERR, so I redirected STDERR to a file:<\/p>\n\n\n
db2inst1@db2server $ strace -t db2pd - 2>strace.out\n\nDatabase Member 0 -- Active -- Up 2 days 23:04:59 -- Date 2021-07-22-10.58.29.257683\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
To find the source of slowness, I looked through the output file, looking for any significant differences between subsequent timestamps.<\/p>\n\n\n
db2inst1@db2server $ awk '{print $1}' strace.out | uniq\n12:27:58\n12:27:59\n12:28:00\n12:28:01\n12:28:02\n12:28:03\n12:28:08\n12:28:09\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
In the output above, there was a 5 second period between 12:28:03 and 12:28:08 where no output appeared. Here is an excerpt from the strace output from either side of that time gap:<\/p>\n\n\n
12:28:03 recvfrom(9, \"2_\\201\\202\\0\\1\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0\\0\\rdb2server\\0\\0\\1\\0\\1\", 2048, 0, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr(\"10.0.0.27\")}, [28->16]) = 31\n12:28:03 poll([{fd=9, events=POLLIN}], 1, 5882) = 0 (Timeout)\n12:28:08 close(7)                       = 0\n12:28:08 close(8)                       = 0\n12:28:08 close(9)                       = 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
The last call before the time call was a call to poll(), which is waiting for input from file descriptor 9 (fd=9). The (Timeout) at the end of the line indicates that the call to poll() eventually timed out (after 5 seconds) \u2013 this timeout is the source of the delay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To determine what happened, we need to understand what file descriptor 9 is. Searching backwards through the strace output reveals:<\/p>\n\n\n
12:28:02 socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM|SOCK_CLOEXEC|SOCK_NONBLOCK, IPPROTO_IP) = 9\n12:28:02 setsockopt(9, SOL_IP, IP_RECVERR, [1], 4) = 0\n12:28:02 connect(9, {sa_family=AF_INET, sin_port=htons(53), sin_addr=inet_addr(\"10.0.0.27\")}, 16) = 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
The socket() call returns 9 (the file descriptor for the socket), and the connect() call reveals that the process is opening a connection to the IP address 10.0.0.27, port 53. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
Port 53 is used for DNS lookups (as can be seen in \/etc\/services) \u2013 so we know that a DNS query was timing out. The recvfrom() call at 12:28:03 (just prior to the poll() call) indicates that the DNS search was for “db2server” \u2013 which is the hostname of the Db2 server!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The nslookup command can be used to see what DNS knows:<\/p>\n\n\n
db2inst1@db2server $ nslookup db2server\n;; Got SERVFAIL reply from 10.1.0.55, trying next server\n;; Got SERVFAIL reply from 10.0.0.203, trying next server\nServer:         10.0.0.27\nAddress:        10.0.0.27#53\n\n** server can't find db2server: SERVFAIL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
This output shows that nslookup tried all 3 DNS servers, and each failed \u2013 there was no entry in DNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
However: normally, resolving the local server’s host name is handled by \/etc\/hosts and not<\/strong> by DNS; so I looked at \/etc\/nsswitch.conf to make sure that the order is configured properly:<\/p>\n\n\n
db2inst1@db2server $ grep 'hosts:' \/etc\/nsswitch.conf \nhosts:      files dns myhostname\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
This looks correct: hostname lookups will first use local files (\/etc\/hosts), and then resort to DNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Knowing this, it’s clear that there is no entry in \/etc\/hosts for the local hostname, and that is the reason why db2pd is querying DNS, the source of the problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
After adding an entry for the local server to \/etc\/hosts, db2pd was running with a normal response time:<\/p>\n\n\n
db2inst1@db2server $ time db2pd -\n\nDatabase Member 0 -- Active -- Up 0 days 21:53:44 -- Date 2021-07-22-11.29.15.283543\n\n\nreal    0m0.184s\nuser    0m0.119s\nsys     0m0.061s\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n
Even on systems that do not use multiple servers (i.e., DPF or pureScale), it’s still critical to have proper entries in the \/etc\/hosts file.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Recently, I was working on a system and noticed some odd behavior \u2013 running a simple db2pd command was taking what felt like a “long” time. I used the time utility to validate my impression: db2inst1@db2server $ time db2pd – Database Member 0 — Active — Up 0 days 21:53:44 — Date 2021-07-22-11.29.15.283543 real 0m5.560s […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":37,"featured_media":239513,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4166,17],"tags":[4141],"class_list":["post-239508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-db2","tag-db2-performance-tuning"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Importance of \/etc\/hosts on Db2 Systems<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"If running a simple db2pd command is taking a long time, this article can help! 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