{"id":241495,"date":"2023-04-25T13:43:00","date_gmt":"2023-04-25T20:43:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/?p=241495"},"modified":"2023-04-28T15:44:25","modified_gmt":"2023-04-28T22:44:25","slug":"user-history-bash-script","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/","title":{"rendered":"User History Bash Script"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>In my previous blog, &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/mysql-user-info-limitations-and-possibilities\/\">Getting MySQL User Info: Limitations and Possibilities<\/a>,&#8221; I described how I found a solution to obtaining a history of login information for a specific user logging into the database from different servers if the audit log plugin is not installed or an available option. Keep reading only if you are running MySQL 5.5. If you are running MySQL Enterprise 5.6, 5.7, or 8.0, save yourself the trouble and install the audit log plugin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This blog goes into my thinking process to identify relevant information to go into the user history log, which table will give me that information, and steps to creating a script that logs user history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Narrowing Down the Needed Information<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Two queries would return the hostnames of the servers a user is connecting from. If the general log is enabled and in table format, the query below will return the event time, user host, thread ID, server ID, command type, and argument of all logged connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code> mysql&gt; select * from mysql.general_log where command_type = 'Connect';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>You might only need some of that information. For example, the following query narrows the returned information to thread ID, user, and hostname. I kept the ID column because I wanted to differentiate between thread connections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code> mysql&gt; select ID, USER, HOST from mysql.general_log where command_type = 'Connect';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This option is good if you do not like or care about when a thread connection is idle, but it will return every connection from every user. Not a good option if disk space is an issue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The other option is to query the INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PROCESSLIST table for when the user is logged in. The query below will return the thread ID, user, hostname, database being used, the type of command the user was executing, the seconds the session has been connected, the state of the thread, and the value of a SELECT statement (if executed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysql&gt; select * from information_schema.processlist where user = 'user_name';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Again, that&#8217;s a lot of information if you just want the hostname. The following variation narrows down the information to thread ID, user, hostname, database name, and the length of the connection time in seconds. I used this one for my bash script because I didn&#8217;t care when other users connected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysql&gt; select ID, USER, HOST, DB, TIME from information_schema.processlist where user = 'user_name';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Bash Script<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In the script, I used variables for the username, file name for output, and the location of the login configuration file. As a result, the code is cleaner and easier to change without editing multiple areas of the script.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code># Setting variables\nuserName='user_name'\nfileNm=output_destination.csv\ndefltsXtraFlNm=hidden_config.cnf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the previous blog, I used an IF statement to create a timestamp when the user was logged in. There is an easier, simpler way. A timestamp can be incorporated into the query itself using the functions CURRENT_DATE() and CURRENT_TIME() as followed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>mysql&gt; select ID, USER, HOST, DB, TIME, CURRENT_DATE(), CURRENT_TIME() from information_schema.processlist where user = 'user_name';<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>There will only be a return if the specified user is logged in, so there is no need for an IF statement. The main part of the script will look like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>$ mysql --defaults-extra-file=$file_destination -e \"select ID, USER, HOST, DB, TIME, CURRENT_DATE(), CURRENT_TIME() from information_schema.processlist where user = `$userName`;\" &gt;&gt; $fileNm<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The output will look something like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"716\" height=\"136\" src=\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/User-history-bash-script-output.png\" alt=\"User History Bash Script Output\" class=\"wp-image-241496\" srcset=\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/User-history-bash-script-output.png 716w, https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/User-history-bash-script-output-480x91.png 480w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 0px) and (max-width: 480px) 480px, (min-width: 481px) 716px, 100vw\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>If you need a refresher on bash scripting, revisit my blog, <a href=\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/the-elements-of-a-bash-script\/\">The Elements of A Bash Script<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For questions or more information, please <a href=\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/contact-us\/\">contact us<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In my previous blog, &#8220;Getting MySQL User Info: Limitations and Possibilities,&#8221; I described how I found a solution to obtaining a history of login information for a specific user logging into the database from different servers if the audit log plugin is not installed or an available option. Keep reading only if you are running [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":241504,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"off","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","content-type":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[4166,39],"tags":[4192],"class_list":["post-241495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-mysql","tag-bash-scripting"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>User History Bash Script - VDBA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This blog identifies relevant history log information and steps to creating a bash script that logs user history.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"User History Bash Script\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"This blog identifies relevant history log information and steps to creating a bash script that logs user history.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Virtual-DBA Remote DBA Services &amp; Support - Certified Database Experts\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-04-25T20:43:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-04-28T22:44:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/User-History-Bash-Script.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"557\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"291\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Monica Silva\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@virtual_dba\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@virtual_dba\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Monica Silva\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Monica Silva\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9326f6340815aef31d91f56e4ba145da\"},\"headline\":\"User History Bash Script\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-25T20:43:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-28T22:44:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/\"},\"wordCount\":499,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/User-History-Bash-Script.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Bash Scripting\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Blog\",\"MySQL\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/\",\"name\":\"User History Bash Script - VDBA\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/User-History-Bash-Script.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-04-25T20:43:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-04-28T22:44:25+00:00\",\"description\":\"This blog identifies relevant history log information and steps to creating a bash script that logs user history.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/User-History-Bash-Script.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/User-History-Bash-Script.jpg\",\"width\":557,\"height\":291,\"caption\":\"User History Bash Script\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"User History Bash Script\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/\",\"name\":\"Virtual-DBA Remote DBA Services &amp; 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We accomplish this through a comprehensive remote DBA service offering designed specifically to meet the Oracle\u00ae, DB2\u00ae, Informix\u00ae, MySQL\u2122, PostgreSQL\u00ae, MongoDB\u00ae, MariaDB, and Microsoft SQL Server\u00ae, CockroachDB, Databricks, AWS, and Azure needs of our clients.\",\"email\":\"info@xtivia.com\",\"telephone\":\"8886853101\",\"legalName\":\"XTIVIA, Inc\",\"foundingDate\":\"1992-05-01\",\"numberOfEmployees\":{\"@type\":\"QuantitativeValue\",\"minValue\":\"201\",\"maxValue\":\"500\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9326f6340815aef31d91f56e4ba145da\",\"name\":\"Monica Silva\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9af003bf84c81e7a65a1816bc03fa96f866c8d4432b67dec463ef4fbcbe2d65d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9af003bf84c81e7a65a1816bc03fa96f866c8d4432b67dec463ef4fbcbe2d65d?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Monica Silva\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/author\/monica-silva\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"User History Bash Script - VDBA","description":"This blog identifies relevant history log information and steps to creating a bash script that logs user history.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"User History Bash Script","og_description":"This blog identifies relevant history log information and steps to creating a bash script that logs user history.","og_url":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/blog\/user-history-bash-script\/","og_site_name":"Virtual-DBA Remote DBA Services &amp; 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We accomplish this through a comprehensive remote DBA service offering designed specifically to meet the Oracle\u00ae, DB2\u00ae, Informix\u00ae, MySQL\u2122, PostgreSQL\u00ae, MongoDB\u00ae, MariaDB, and Microsoft SQL Server\u00ae, CockroachDB, Databricks, AWS, and Azure needs of our clients.","email":"info@xtivia.com","telephone":"8886853101","legalName":"XTIVIA, Inc","foundingDate":"1992-05-01","numberOfEmployees":{"@type":"QuantitativeValue","minValue":"201","maxValue":"500"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/#\/schema\/person\/9326f6340815aef31d91f56e4ba145da","name":"Monica Silva","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9af003bf84c81e7a65a1816bc03fa96f866c8d4432b67dec463ef4fbcbe2d65d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/9af003bf84c81e7a65a1816bc03fa96f866c8d4432b67dec463ef4fbcbe2d65d?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Monica Silva"},"url":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/author\/monica-silva\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=241495"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/241495\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/241504"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=241495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=241495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/virtual-dba.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=241495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}